OpenTopography Blog

Information and discussion related to high-resolution LiDAR topography for the Earth sciences

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Category: Meetings

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Fall AGU Special Session on Ground Based Geodetic Techniques and Science Applications

Posted on Tue, August 10, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings • TLS

Session announcements for the fall American Geophysical Union (AGU) meeting in San Francisco are beginning to appear.  The following session on ground based geodetic techniques includes an emphasis on terrestrial laser scanning:

Dear Colleagues:

We would like to bring to your attention the following special session on Ground Based Geodetic Techniques and Science Applications to be held at the 2010 Fall AGU Meeting in San Francisco, December 13 - 17:

Ground Based Geodetic Techniques and Science Applications
Ground-based geodesy is a rapidly expanding and evolving technology. Tools such as terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) and/or ground-based radars (GBR) promise to expand our detailed understanding of the fundamental processes that drive a broad range of spatial (3D) and temporal (4D) science applications. We invite contributions that discuss both the technical aspects of the technology and process-based geoscience studies using ground-based geodetic tools such as, but not limited to, TLS and GBR. What are the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the technologies? How is the technology being used to address static and dynamic scientific problems? We encourage contributions from a wide range of disciplines.

http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm10/program/scientific_session_search.php?show=detail&sessid=269

Best regards,

Benjamin Brooks, David Phillips, and Gerald Bawden - Session conveners

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Virtual tectonics session at 2010 GSA meeting

Posted on Tue, July 20, 2010 by C. Crosby in Google Earth • Meetings

Yet another session at the 2010 Geological Society of America Meeting in Denver that may be of interest to the OpenTopography community.  Announcement via the GEOMOD-LIDAR-L list:

Good afternoon,

We would like to call your attention to a topical session (oral) at the national GSA meeting in Denver in October:

T145. Virtual Tectonics
GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics Division; GSA Geoscience Education Division; GSA Geoinformatics Division; GSA Geology and Society Division; National Association of Geoscience Teachers
Declan G. De Paor, S.J Whitmeyer

Application of virtual reality to tectonics: virtual field trips, LiDAR, Gigapans, Google Earth, Second Life, virtual specimens, animations, simulations of tectonic and neotectonic processes, interactive maps, lunar and planetary VR, and the geology of exoplanets.

We encourage abstract submissions on topics that focus on using modern digital technology and/or cyber-based tools to address any variety of Earth or Planetary tectonics-related topics. In addition, we encourage abstracts that address education and/or research oriented themes.

Feel free to contact us if you have any questions, and remember that the deadline for abstract submissions is August 10. The link for abstract submissions is: http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/top/papers/index.cgi?sessionid=25815

cheers -

Steve Whitmeyer (whitmesj@jmu.edu)
Declan De Paor (ddepaor@odu.edu)

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2010 GSA Annual Meeting - Applications of Airborne and Terrestrial Lidar

Posted on Fri, June 25, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings • TLS

This GSA 2010 LiDAR session announcement went out this morning via various listservs.  This session, coupled with the accompanying Pardee Keynote Symposium and the Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Applications in Geology and Geomorphology session that was announced previously, means that GSA is shaping up to be a great meeting for Earth science applications of LiDAR.  I’ll be giving a talk in the Pardee session.  Hope to see you there!

We would like to draw your attention to the following Topical Session at the 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado (Oct. 31st - Nov. 3rd):

T32. Seeing the True Shape of Earth’s Surface: Applications of Airborne and Terrestrial LiDAR in the Geosciences (Oral and Poster)

High-resolution lidar data are now becoming available over large areas of earth’s surface. This session will examine how these highly detailed images of the landscape provide unprecedented opportunities for qualitative and quantitative analysis of earth processes. We invite presentations from any application of lidar in the geosciences. The session is being co-sponsored by the GSA Engineering Geology , Structural Geology and Tectonics, Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology, Sedimentary Geology , Geoinformatics, and Geophysics Divisions and will accompany a Pardee Keynote Symposium on the same topic.

Conveners:
Ian Madin (ian.madin@dogami.state.or.us)
Kurt Frankel (kfrankel@gatech.edu)

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Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Applications in Geology and Geomorphology session at GSA 2010

Posted on Sun, May 23, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings • TLS

TLS session at the 2010 Geological Society of America Meeting in Denver, CO announced.  Via the GEOMORPHLIST:

Dear Colleague-

With apologies for cross-posting, I encourage you to submit abstracts for Session T.125 Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Applications in Geology and Geomorphology at GSA 2010 in Denver, Colorado.  This session is co-sponsored by the GSA Engineering Geology Division and the GSA Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division.

Contributions describing the applications of this technology, as well as discussions of critical issues associated with the implementation of TLS to geomorphic and geologic studies are encouraged.

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.

Thanks,

Dennis M. Staley
U.S. Geological Survey
1711 Illinois St
Golden, CO 80401
303.273.8568
dstaley@usgs.gov

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Session Description:

The characterization of surface features at multiple spatial scales is fundamental to understanding the process-form interactions and to the progression of geomorphic and geologic research.  Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS, commonly referred to as terrestrial LiDAR) permits the development of topographic data at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions over large areas. TLS data in the form of point clouds and/or digital terrain models are used to assess topographic boundary conditions, enhance geomorphological mapping by identifying spatial patterns and morphometric changes in landforms at various spatial scales, quantify rates of sediment transport through morphological DTM of differences approaches, and serve as benchmark datasets to test numerical and physical models of surface processes.  Repeat TLS surveys also permit the detection of fine scale changes in topography associated with geomorphic processes.

Advancing our understanding of geomorphic processes by incorporating TLS methodology presents new challenges: evaluation of scalar variability and dependencies in process-form relationships; linking process mechanics to high resolution topographic data, and data storage and transfer issues are also important considerations in TLS analytics.  While similar topics have been previously addressed at professional conferences (e.g. the LiDAR oral and poster sessions at the previous GSA meeting), these sessions have largely focused upon airborne LiDAR applications. Very little discussion has centered on TLS applications.  The growing popularity of TLS use in the geosciences necessitates a session devoted to the development of TLS methodology and data analysis in geology and geomorphology.  This session seeks to bring together researchers using TLS to identify and discuss critical issues concerning the application of TLS in the geosciences, as well as highlight cutting edge research that utilizes this methodology to further our understanding of the processes that sculpt the surface of the Earth.

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Southwest Idaho Regional LiDAR Conference

Posted on Fri, April 30, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings

OpenTopography received the following information about this upcoming event in Boise via email today.  The conference theme is “Light Detection and Ranging laser technology (LiDAR) to plan for, mitigate and solve public safety issues” and the list of topics looks interesting.  Details in the announcement below:

On Thursday, June 17th the Southwest Idaho Geographic Information System (GIS) Users Group (SWIG) is holding its Summer 2010 Regional Conference at the University of Idaho’s Water Center Room 162, at 322 East Front Street, Boise Idaho 83702 from 9:00am to 5:00pm. The event is FREE. Visit: http://swig.gisidaho.org/upcoming_mtg.html

Topics for this event are designed to appeal to all audience types: from non-GIS users who are more interested in policy related issues or applications of this technology to the advanced GIS web programmer.

The theme for this conference is “Light Detection and Ranging laser technology (LiDAR) to plan for, mitigate and solve public safety issues”. Local professionals have volunteered to present on important topics related to their technical field of expertise. These experts include:

1. Boise: Kevin Jones (Idaho State University) has committed to a presentation titled “GIS Web Programming” that is billed as a technical survey of programming scripts used in the technical application necessary to create an interactive interface at a GIS enabled website.

2. Boise: Nicole Hanson (GIS Professional For Hire!!!) has committed to a presentation titled “Tips and Tricks” that is billed as a comprehensive presentation on increasing efficiency of operating the GIS system, accessing the built-in shortcuts of the program appealing to all users and skill levels.

3. Boise/Meridian: Bret Hazell (3di West) and Jason Paff (Power Engineers) have committed to a duel presentation titled “Mapping Technologies for Land Planning” that is billed as a
comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of using both photogrammetry and LiDAR technologies in land planning.

4. Pocatello: Derrick Sharp (Whisper Mountain Inc.,) has committed to a presentation titled “Hazard Mitigation using LiDAR” that is billed as a case study of using lidar to create the evacuation plans for Bonneville County in the event of a dam breach.

5. Boise: Brian Kienle (Pictometry International) has committed to a presentation titled “The Use of Oblique Imagery in Today’s World” that is billed as how LiDAR data is collected in support of various topics, including forest fire fuels modeling.

6. Boise: Jay Breidenbach (National Weather Service, NOAA) has committed to a presentation tentatively titled “Inundation Mapping for Advance Hydrologic Predictive Services” that is billed as a survey of the NOAA’s Advanced Hydrologic Predictive Services (AHPS) capability to provide the emergency management community with detailed inundation maps corresponding to rivers. These maps have been used to plan flood mitigation activities and protect the general public from hazardous conditions during a flood event.

7. Boise: Craig Thompson (National Park Service) has committed to a presentation titled “GIS in the Federal Government” that is billed as how Geographical Information System is being used in fire prediction and prevention treatments.

Presentation Schedule has not yet been established and is subject to change until May 26, 2010.

See http://swig.gisidaho.org/upcoming_mtg.html for the most up-to-date information or Contact: Ryan McDaniel, (208) 323-2288, Planning Committee Chair.

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Cyber-GIS Opportunities for High-Resolution Topography Data Access, Processing, and Analysis

Posted on Mon, February 22, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings • OpenTopography Updates

Earlier this month, I had the privilege of participating in the National Science Foundation TeraGrid Workshop on Cyber-GIS in Washington, DC.  The workshop was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) TeraGrid Science Gateway program and the Office of Cyberinfrastructure with the goal of “underpin fundamental issues of Cyber-GIS for enhancing cyberinfrastructure while advancing the next-generation GIS with synergistic high-performance, distributed, and collaborative capabilities.”

Each participant in the workshop was required to submit a position paper that highlighted an issue or opportunity in Cyber-GIS.  My paper, “Cyber-GIS Opportunities for High-Resolution Topography Data Access, Processing, and Analysis”, highlights activities OpenTopography is currently engaged in, and also points to opportunities and challenges we are pursuing.  You can download a PDF of the position paper, or read it below.

Cyber-GIS Opportunities for High-Resolution Topography Data Access, Processing, and Analysis

Christopher Crosby
San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA

High-resolution topography data acquired with lidar (light detection and ranging) technology are revolutionizing the way we study the geomorphic, biologic and anthropogenic processes acting along the Earth’s surface (e.g. Carter et al., 2007).  These data, acquired from either an airborne platform or a tripod-mounted scanner, are emerging as a fundamental tool for research on a variety of topics ranging from earthquake hazards to urban modeling.  Lidar topography data are powerful because they represent processes and features at a scale not previously possible yet essential for their appropriate representation.  These data sets also have significant implications for earth science education and outreach because when visualized, they provide an accurate digital representation of landforms, natural hazards and processes, and the built environment. 

However, along with the potential of lidar topography comes an increase in the volume and complexity of data that must be efficiently managed, archived, distributed, processed and integrated in order for them to be of use to the community.  A single lidar data acquisition may generate terabytes of data in the form of point clouds, digital elevation models (DEMs), and derivative products.  This massive volume of data is often difficult to manage and poses significant distribution challenges when trying to allow access to the data for a large scientific user community. Furthermore, the data sets can be technically challenging to work with and may require specific software and computing resources that are not readily available to many users.

Projects such as the National Science Foundation-funded OpenTopography Facility (http://www.opentopography.org) (e.g. Crosby et al., 2009) are successfully leveraging emerging cyberinfrastructure technologies such as portal-based data access, service oriented architectures, high-performance parallel database systems (Nandigam et al., 2010), and optimized processing algorithms to improve internet-based access to these massive geospatial data sets.  The OpenTopography system provides free and on-demand access to tens of billions of lidar point cloud measurements as well as processing tools that permit users to generate custom digital elevation models on-the-fly.  OpenTopography’s growing user community of several thousand scientists, educators, students, government agency staff, and private sector users illustrate that cyberinfrastructure-based geospatial data access systems can have a significant impact by democratizing access to these massive data sets.

OpenTopography’s success is an illustration of the potential opportunities that exist through the application of cyberinfrastructure resources to geospatial data management and processing. However, the OpenTopography effort has only just scratched the surface of how routine data management and processing tasks could be enhanced with access to cloud or grid-based resources.  As any regular user of high-resolution topography appreciates, many of the existing geographic information system (GIS) algorithms currently available for processing, analysis, and visualization point cloud and DEM data fail, or perform very slowly, when applied to lidar data.  Taking a Cyber-GIS approach to lidar topography processing and analysis would allow users to carry out computationally intensive LiDAR data processing without having appropriate hardware locally.  Resources such as Hadoop (http://hadoop.apache.org/)-based processing in the cloud, the TeraGrid (http://www.teragrid.org/), or Condor pools (http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/) could allow users to “outsource” their geospatial data processing to computing resources better equipped to handling significant data volumes.

However, to effectively utilize high-performance grid or cloud resources will require that the user community develop a new “toolkit” of algorithms and tools that are optimized to perform in these environments.  This new toolkit should exist in the open source domain and consist of libraries that allow users to construct customized processing workflows that run in a distributed environment. Examples of necessary algorithms include those for high-performance gridding of lidar point cloud data (e.g. Kim et al., 2006), algorithms for hydrologic processing of DEMs (e.g. Wallis et al., 2009) including calculations of slope, slope-aspect, stream profiles, catchment areas, and topographic roughness and curvature, geomorphic change detection analysis, feature extraction (including vegetation classification and structural analysis, and building footprint extraction), as well as tools for the processing and analysis of full waveform lidar data.

REFERENCES:
Carter, W. E., R. Shrestha and K.C. Slatton, 2007, Geodetic Laser Scanning, Physics Today, Vol. 60, Number 12, pp 41-47.

Crosby, C.J., Nandigam, V., Arrowsmith, R., Baru, C., 2009, Enhancing Access to High-Resolution Lidar Topography – From Point Clouds To Google Earth, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 41, No. 7, p. 384

Kim, H., Arrowsmith, J R., Crosby, C.J., Jaeger-Frank, E., Nandigam, V., Memon, A., Conner, J., Badden, S.B., Baru, C., An Efficient Implementation of a Local Binning Algorithm for Digital Elevation Model Generation of LiDAR/ALSM Dataset, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G53C-0921, 2006.

Nandigam, V., Baru, C., Crosby, C.J., Database Design for High-Resolution LIDAR Topography Data in preparation, 2010 International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management

Wallis, C., Watson, D., Tarboton, D., Wallace, R., 2009, Parallel Flow-Direction and Contributing Area Calculation for Hydrology Analysis in Digital Elevation Models, Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

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AAPG Rocky Mountain Section Meeting Lidar Session

Posted on Mon, January 11, 2010 by C. Crosby in Meetings

An interesting Lidar-oriented session at the AAPG Rocky Mountain Section Meeting in Durango Colorado June 13-16, 2010.  Announcement via the GEOMOD-LIDAR-L and ASU LIDAR listservs:

Greetings all,

The AAPG Rocky Mountain Section Meeting will be held in Durango Colorado June 13-16, 2010. In addition to a broad range of technical sessions, the meeting features a session “Multi-scale Observations and the Application of Remoting Sensing and Lidar to Rocky Mountain Petroleum Exploration”.  This technical session is being co-chaired by Tim F. Wawrzyniec (tfw@unm.edu) and Gary Weissmann (weissman@unm.edu).

We invite contributions from all geologic and geophysics disciplines centered around the principle theme of field-based studies that are combined with digital geospatial characterization as applied to geologic problems.  Although lidar technology is of specific interest, we encourage the submission of talks that include studies where seismic, ground-pentrating radar, or other remote sensing approaches that have been deployed to build imagery to enhance our understanding of geologic process.

If you are interested in contributing, please contact either of the technical chairs if you have any questions.  Otherwise, follow either of the following links:

http://www.fourcornersgeologicalsociety.org/meeting_2010/index.asp

or

http://www.aapg.org/meetings/rms/

The deadline for submission is February 1, 2010.

On behalf of the technical committee thanks for your attention and hopefully we will see you in Durango!

Cheers
Tim & Gary

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LiDAR-Specific Sessions at Fall AGU Meeting

Posted on Fri, August 28, 2009 by C. Crosby in Meetings

There will be two sessions at the 2009 Fall American Geophysical Union (AGU) Meeting in San Francisco (December 14-18, 2009) specifically targeted at Earth science applications of LiDAR.

One session is focused on terrestrial LiDAR (TLS):

G17: Ground Based Geodetic Techniques and Science Applications
Conveners:  Gerald W Bawden- US Geological Survey, Benjamin Brooks - University of Hawaii, David Phillips - UNAVCO

Ground-based geodesy is a rapidly expanding and evolving technology and because of their portability, relative ease of use, long acquisition ranges, and sub-cm spatial resolution, tools such as terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) and/or ground-based radars (GBR) promise to expand our detailed understanding of the fundamental processes that drive a broad range of spatial (3D) and temporal (4D) science applications. This special session invites contributions that discuss both the technical aspects of the technology and process-based geoscience studies using ground-based geodetic tools such as, but not limited to, TLS and GBR. What are the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the technologies? How is the technology being used to address static and dynamic scientific problems? We envision contributions from many disciplines such as natural hazards, geomorphology, structural geology, glaciology, hydrology, snow science, biological science, tectonic, and volcanology.

while the other emphasizes airborne data:

G13: Airborne Geodetic Imaging: Advances in Instrumentation and Methods
Conveners:  William Eugene Carter - University of Florida, Ramesh L Shrestha - University of Florida, Mahta Moghaddam - University of Michigan

Modern airborne geodetic imaging sensors, including airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR, UAV SAR), multi-band digital photography, and hyperspectral imaging make it possible to collect high resolution (few meters down to sub-meter scales) topographic data over areas of hundreds to thousands of square kilometers, in time periods of hours. The resolution of these geodetic images is sufficient for developing and testing theories pertaining to land surface processes, and are increasingly being used for such other applications as surface-water hydrology, bathymetric mapping, landscape ecology, mapping of wildlife habitats, and forestry research and management. The focus of this session will be on recent advances in geodetic imaging technologies and methods, and more specifically on advances in the state-of-the-art of the instrumentation, operating procedures, processing, and filtering of observations to achieve the highest resolution and accuracy. Also of interest will be presentations focusing on possible improvements to the information content that might be achieved by combining observations from different geodetic imaging sensors (particularly of different resolutions), and combining geodetic imaging data with other types of observations. Presentations reporting scientific results obtained using geodetic images will be welcome, but the emphasis should be on the geodetic aspects of the research as opposed to discoveries more appropriate for presentation in sessions organized under other disciplines.

The AGU abstract submission deadline is September 3rd, 2009, 23:59 EST

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LiDAR Short Courses at the 2009 Geological Society of America Meeting

Posted on Thu, July 16, 2009 by C. Crosby in Meetings • Workshops

The 2009 GSA Annual Meeting in Portland, OR will include two workshops devoted to LiDAR derived topography and applications to geoscience.  Ramon Arrowsmith and I taught a LiDAR-oriented GSA short course in 2007 (Denver) and found it to be an excellent way to introduce geologists to LiDAR topography.  You can find information and materials from our 2007 course here: Processing and Analysis of GeoEarthScope and Other Community LiDAR Topography Datasets

Additional information about the 2009 LiDAR short courses as well as the many other workshops offered by GSA is available on their Short Course Program page.

2009 GSA LiDAR Short Courses:

501. INTERFACE WORKSHOP: Recent developments in the methods and applications of terrestrial laser scanning (ground-based LiDAR) in geologic research and education
Fri., 16 Oct., 8 a.m.–5 p.m. Instructors: John Oldow and Carlos Aiken, Univ. of Texas at Dallas; David Phillips, UNAVCO

This workshop will provide faculty, students, and professionals with the basic principles of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), aka ground-based LiDAR, workflows and best practices for the acquisition and processing of TLS data, an overview of various TLS platforms, and examples of science and education applications. This one-day workshop will consist of lectures and hands-on application of TLS equipment and data processing. TLS provides very high-resolution images over relatively small areas, is relatively inexpensive to acquire, and has been used successfully to support a wide range of geoscience investigations from outcrop mapping to deformation monitoring.

GEON / OpenTopography are collaborators on the INTERFACE project and this should be an excellent workshop for geologists interested in learning about the exciting potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning.

The second workshop is devoted to airborne LiDAR topography data of the type hosted by OpenTopography.  This 1.5 day course features a long list of very qualified instructors (including me!) and should be an excellent overview and introduction to LiDAR topography for geologic applications.

515. Introduction to the acquisition, visualization, and interpretation of airborne LiDAR-derived digital elevation models
Sat., 17 Oct., 9 a.m.–6 p.m.; Sun., 18 Oct., 9 a.m.–12 p.m. Instructors: Ian Madin, Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries; Ralph Haugerud, USGS; Michael Oskin, Univ. of California at Davis; Chris Crosby, Univ. of California at San Diego; Ramon Arrowsmith, Arizona State Univ.

LiDAR-derived elevation datasets are becoming widely available and offer digital elevation models (DEMs) of unprecedented resolution and accuracy. This course will teach geoscientists to acquire, visualize, and analyze LiDAR-based DEMs. Guided tutorials on individual workstations will use ESRI ArcGIS software, GEON software products, and LiDAR viewing freeware. The field portion of the class will compare recent high-resolution LiDAR images with the real environment of the surrounding area. The instructors are geologists who have worked with LiDAR data for many years at UC-Davis, Arizona State Univ., the GEON program, and the Puget Sound and Oregon LiDAR Consortia.
This course will be held in the Portland State University Geology Department GIS training laboratory.

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Report from the Workshop on Studying Earth Surface Processes with High-Resolution Topographic Data

Posted on Fri, April 17, 2009 by C. Crosby in Meetings • News

The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) has released the report from the workshop organized by their steering committee last summer (June 15-18, 2008) in Boulder, CO on Studying Earth Surface Processes with High-Resolution Topographic Data.  The workshop, attended by 50 researchers, provided an opportunity for discussion of current research activities utilizing LiDAR as well as to identify emerging research opportunities, community challenges, and technological and education needs.

This report, prepared by members of the NCALM steering committee with contributions from participants at the WSESP, highlights key scientific opportunities presented at the workshop, and identifies some of the challenges for maximizing the scientific potential of research with high-resolution topographic data. During the final day of the workshop, participants identified key areas emerging in this field, new ways to detect and characterize processes, and approaches to detect changes in dynamic systems.  Three areas that attracted particular attention were 1) the connections between ecosystems and topography, 2) the flux of water, sediment, and other substances down hill slopes and through drainage networks, and 3) the use of repeat LiDAR surveys to study landscape change in response to geological and biological disturbances (e.g., earthquakes, fires, dam breaching, and timber harvest).

OpenTopography was represented at the workshop by Ramon Arrowsmith and I.  It was quite apparent during the workshop that there is a need in the Earth science LiDAR community for better access to datasets as well as a centralized repository for sharing software and tools.

The rapid emergence of new technology, datasets, and ideas poses challenges as well as opportunities for the Earth science community. Foremost among the challenges are the needs to 1) better facilitate sharing of public-domain LiDAR databases and tools for analysis and visualization, and 2) maximize dissemination of new ideas and discoveries.

The workshop attendees appreciated the need for a system such as the OpenTopography Portal and the report nicely articulates this need in sections III. Software, Tools, Tutorials, and Education and IV. Improvements in Gathering and Disseminating High-Resolution Topographic Data

I have posted the full Workshop report in the Documents portion of the OpenTopography Portal (under Resources).  Directly download the report (PDF) HERE

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